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It is not easy to free nude teen webcam realize that, during the stirring days when the eastern coast-line of North America was experiencing the ferment of revolution, the Pacific seaboard was almost totally unexplored nude , its free population largely a savage one. But Spain, long established in free Mexico, was slowly pushing northward along the California coast. Her free emissaries were nude the Franciscan friars; her method the founding of Indian missions webcam round which, in due course, should arise towns intended free nude teen to afford free harbor for Spanish ships and to webam freeserve as outposts against the steady encroachments of Russia, teen who, from Alaska, was reaching out toward San Francisco Bay.

Thus began the white webcam settlement of California. San Diego Mission was founded in 1769; San Carlos, at Monterey, in 1770; San Francisco, in 1776; Santa Barbara, in 1786. For the general guardianship free of these missions a garrison, or presidio, was in each case provided. It was free nude webcam responsible not only for the protection of the town thus nude created, nude but for all the missions in the district. The presidio of San Diego, for example, was in charge of the missions of San Diego, San Gabriel, San Juan Capistrano, and nude San Luis Rey. So, likewise, there were nude garrisons with extensive free jurisdiction at Santa Barbara, Monterey, and San Francisco.

The Indians in the nude immediate vicinity webcam of a mission were attached thereto by a sort of gentle enslavement. They were provided special quarters, were carefully looked after by the priests, their free religious education fostered, and their innate laziness conquered by webam specific requirements of labor in agriculture, cattle raising, and simple handicrafts. It was an arrangement which worked well for both parties concerned. The teen slavery of the free nude Indians was not unlike the obligation of children to their parents; they were comfortable, well behaved, and for the most part contented webam with the rule of the friars, who, on their side, nude began to accumulate considerable wealth from the well-directed efforts of their charges.

The supposition was that in the course of years the Indians might become so habituated to thrift and industry as to be released from supervision and safely left to their own free devices. But that happy consummation had not occurred when, in 1826, Mexico succeeded in separating herself from the mother country and began her career as webcam an independent nude republic, of which California was a part. Nevertheless, the greed of free nude teen webcam politicians suddenly free wrought the change which was to have come as the slow development of years. By governmental decree, the Indians were declared free of nude teen obligation to the friars; the latter were stripped of their temporal webcam powers, their funds seized under the guise of a loan, and their establishments often subjected to what was little short of pillage. This state of affairs had webcam free scarcely begun at the time of the author’s visit to California; still, as he points out in Chapter XXI, the decline of the missions had already set in.

The final blow to their power and usefulness came, however, with the upheaval accompanying the Mexican teen war and the acquisition of California by the United States. Although this nude country returned all mission buildings to the control of the Church, their reason for being had vanished; they were sold, or destroyed, or feebly maintained on funds teen nude insufficient to forestall dilapidation. Fortunately the Franciscan friars had built for nude beauty as well as for use; the architecture nude which they devised in skillful nude adaptation of their native Spanish type displayed originality and free picturesque charm. Hence, of late years, Californians have come to feel a worthy pride in the monuments of the early history of their state, and have taken steps to preserve such of them as survive. No less than twenty-one are today the goal of the traveller.

The reader who is interested in pursuing the subject thus outlined will find its satisfactory treatment in George Wharton James’s In and out of the old Missions of California, a book that combines agreeable reading with excellent illustrations.

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California extends along nearly the whole of the western coast of Mexico, between the gulf of nude California in the south and the bay of Sir Francis Drake on the north, or between the 22d and 38th degrees of north latitude. It is subdivided into two nude provinces–Lower or Old California, lying between the gulf and the 32d degree of latitude, or near it; (the division line running, I believe, between the bay of Todos Santos and the port of San Diego;) and New or Upper California, the southernmost free webcam port of which is webcam San Diego, in lat. 32º 39’, and the northernmost, San Francisco, situated in the large bay discovered by Sir Francis Drake, in lat. webcam 37º 58’, and called pics after him by the English, though the Mexicans call webcam it Yerba Buena. Upper California has the seat of its government at Monterey, where is also the custom-house, the only one on the coast, and at which every vessel intending to trade on the coast must enter its cargo before free nude teen it can commence its traffic. We were to trade upon this coast exclusively, and therefore expected to go to Monterey at first; but the captain’s orders from teen webcam home were to put in at Santa Barbara, which is the central port of the coast, and wait there for the agent who lives there, and transacts all the business for the firm to which our vessel belonged.

The bay, or, as it was free nude teen webcam commonly called, the canal of Santa Barbara, is very large, being formed by the main land on one side, (between Point Conception on the north and Point St. Buena Ventura on the south,) which nude here bends in like a crescent, and three large nude teen islands opposite free teen to it and at the distance of twenty miles. This is just nude webcam sufficient to give it the name of a bay, while at the same time it is so large and so much free nude teen webcam exposed to the south-east and north-west winds, that it is little better than an open roadstead; and the whole swell of the Pacific ocean rolls in here before a webcam southeaster, and breaks with so heavy a surf in the shallow waters, that it is highly dangerous to lie near to the shore during the south-easter season; that is, between the months of November and April.

This webcam wind (the south-easter) is the bane nude teen of the coast of California. Between the months of November and April, (including a part of each,) which is the rainy season in this latitude, free you are free never safe from it, and accordingly, in the ports which are open to it, vessels are nude obliged, during these months, to lie at anchor at a distance of three miles from the shore, with slip-ropes on their cables, ready to slip and go to sea at a moment’s warning. The only ports which are safe from this wind are nude San Francisco and Monterey in the north, and San Diego in the south. Text modified from two years in the mast, which is public domain